With the exception of Chapter and Section headings, all coloured text has been inserted by AccessIPCC. The non-coloured text is the IPCC original.

A number of emails from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia were published on the Internet in November 2009. This has provided a window into the world of climate science.

We have identified a number of key individuals involved in the emails whom we have designated as Persons of Concern [PoC]; a Journal in which a PoC has published has been designated as a Journal of Concern [JoC].

This is not to suggest that we believe such papers are necessarily flawed, but rather that, as Joseph Alcamo noted at Bali in October 2009, "as policymakers and the public begin to grasp the multi-billion dollar price tag for mitigating and adapting to climate change, we should expect a sharper questioning of the science behind climate policy".

References occur in a list at the end of each chapter. Citations are within the normal text of sections and paragraphs.

Definition of Tags Used

Tag	Explanation	Where Used	References	Citations
PoC	Person of Concern Key individual involved in CRU emails as defined in this spreadsheet. NOTE: we anticipate that this definition will be expanded as more data is coded.	References, Citations, IPCC Roles	4	4
JoC	Journal of Concern A Journal which has published articles by one or more PoCs (Person of Concern)	References, Citations	56	67
MoS	Model or Simulation Reference appears to be a model or simulation, not observation or experiment	References, Citations	32	36
NPR	Non Peer Reviewed Reference has no Journal or no Volume or no Pages or it has Editors.	References, Citations	214	250
SRC	Self Reference Concern Author of a chapter containing references to own work.	References, Citations, IPCC Roles	31	35
ARC	Paper authored or co-authored by person who is also in list of Authors of another chapter.	References, Citations	32	37
2007	Paper dated 2007, when IPCC policy stated cutoff was December 2005 with mid-February 2006 for exceptions.	References, Citations	8	9
Ambiguous	The short inline citation matched with more than one reference; however, AccessIPCC will link to the first reference found.	Citations	-	5
NotFound	The short inline citation was not matched with any reference. Believed to be caused by typing errors.	Citations	-	2
Clean	The reference was probably peer reviewed. The reference was dated before the cutoff (2005-2006). Its authors were not members of the Team. It was not published in a Journal of Concern. Its authors were not AR4 Authors.	References, Citations	68	73

Chapter Table of Contents

Title	Clean	Tagged	NotFound	Ambiguous
Chapter 13: Latin America	-	-	-	-
13.1 Summary of knowledge assessed in the Third Assessment Report	-	1	-	-
13.2 Current sensitivity/vulnerability	-	-	-	-
13.2.1 What is distinctive about the Latin America region?	-	3	-	-
13.2.2 Weather and climate stresses	25	49	-	-
13.2.3 Non-climatic stresses	7	13	-	-
13.2.4 Past and current trends	-	-	-	-
13.2.4.1 Climate trends	11	48	-	2
13.2.4.3 Trends in socio-economic factors	1	8	-	-
13.2.5 Current adaptation	4	18	-	-
13.2.5.1 Natural ecosystems	4	11	1	-
13.2.5.2 Agriculture	-	-	-	-
13.2.5.3 Water resources	-	15	-	1
13.2.5.4 Coasts	-	-	-	-
13.2.5.5 Human health	-	3	-	-
13.3 Assumptions about future trends	-	-	-	-
13.3.1 Climate	-	-	-	-
13.3.1.1 Climate-change scenarios	1	13	-	1
13.3.1.2 Changes in the occurrence of extremes	-	1	-	-
13.3.2 Land-use changes	1	4	-	1
13.3.3 Development	-	-	-	-
13.3.3.1 Demographics and societies	-	5	-	-
13.3.3.2 Economic scenarios	4	7	-	-
13.4 Summary of expected key future impacts and vulnerabilities	-	-	-	-
13.4.1 Natural ecosystems	2	12	-	-
13.4.2 Agriculture	-	14	-	-
13.4.3 Water resources	-	17	-	-
13.4.4 Coasts	-	15	1	-
13.4.5 Human health	4	16	-	-
13.5 Adaptation: practices, options and constraints	-	-	-	-
13.5.1 Practices and options	-	-	-	-
13.5.1.1 Natural ecosystems	1	5	-	-
13.5.1.2 Agriculture and forestry	2	7	-	-
13.5.1.3 Water resources	-	10	-	-
13.5.1.4 Coasts	3	6	-	-
13.5.1.5 Human health	-	3	-	-
13.5.2 Constraints on adaptation	-	6	-	-
13.6 Case studies	3	20	-	-
13.7 Conclusions and implications for sustainable development	-	3	-	-
13.8 Key uncertainties and investigation priorities	-	-	-	-
Number of citations of various credibilities	73	333	2	5
Percentages of citations of various credibilities	17.7%	80.6%	0.5%	1.2%

Executive summary

Climatic variability and extreme events have been severely affecting the Latin America region over recent years (high confidence).

Highly unusual extreme weather events were reported, such as intense Venezuelan rainfall ( 1999, 2005 ), flooding in the Argentinean Pampas ( 2000 - 2002 ), Amazon drought ( 2005 ), hail storms in Bolivia ( 2002 ) and the Great Buenos Aires area ( 2006 ), the unprecedented Hurricane Catarina in the South Atlantic ( 2004 ) and the record hurricane season of 2005 in the Caribbean Basin [ 13.2.2 ]. Historically, climate variability and extremes have had negative impacts on population; increasing mortality and morbidity in affected areas. Recent developments in meteorological forecasting techniques could improve the quality of information necessary for people’s welfare and security. However, the lack of modern observation equipment, the urgent need for upper-air information, the low density of weather stations, the unreliability of their reports and the lack of monitoring of climate variables work together to undermine the quality of forecasts, with adverse effects on the public, lowering their appreciation of applied meteorological services as well as their trust in climate records. These shortcomings also affect hydrometeorological observing services, with a negative impact on the quality of early warnings and alert advisories (medium confidence). [ 13.2.5 ]

During the last decades important changes in precipitation and increases in temperature have been observed (high confidence).

Increases in rainfall in south-east Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, the Argentinean Pampas and some parts of Bolivia have had impacts on land use and crop yields, and have increased flood frequency and intensity. On the other hand, a declining trend in precipitation has been observed in southern Chile, south-west Argentina, southern Peru and western Central America. Increases in temperature of approximately 1°C in Mesoamerica and South America, and of 0.5°C in Brazil, were observed. As a consequence of temperature increases, the trend in glacier retreat reported in the Third Assessment Report is accelerating (very high confidence). This issue is critical in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, where water availability has already been compromised either for consumption or for hydropower generation [ 13.2.4.1 ]. These problems with supply are expected to increase in the future, becoming chronic if no appropriate adaptation measures are planned and implemented. Over the next decades Andean inter-tropical glaciers are very likely to disappear, affecting water availability and hydropower generation (high confidence). [ 13.2.4.1 ]

Land-use changes have intensified the use of natural resources and exacerbated many of the processes of land degradation (high confidence).

Almost three-quarters of the drylands are moderately or severely affected by degradation processes. The combined effects of human action and climate change have brought about a continuous decline in natural land cover at very high rates (high confidence). In particular, rates of deforestation of tropical forests have increased during the last 5 years. There is evidence that biomass-burning aerosols may change regional temperature and precipitation in the southern part of Amazonia (medium confidence). Biomass burning also affects regional air quality, with implications for human health. Land-use and climate changes acting synergistically will increase vegetation fire risk substantially (high confidence). [ 13.2.3 , 13.2.4.2]

The projected mean warming for Latin America to the end of the century, according to different climate models, ranges from 1 to 4°C for the SRES emissions scenario B2 and from 2 to 6°C for scenario A2 (medium confidence).

Most general circulation model (GCM) projections indicate rather larger (positive and negative) rainfall anomalies for the tropical portions of Latin America and smaller ones for extra-tropical South America. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of weather and climate extremes is likely to increase in the future; as is the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Caribbean Basin. [ 13.3.1.1 , 13.3.1.2 ]

Under future climate change, there is a risk of significant species extinctions in many areas of tropical Latin America (high confidence).

Replacement of tropical forest by savannas is expected in eastern Amazonia and the tropical forests of central and southern Mexico, along with replacement of semi-arid vegetation by arid vegetation in parts of north-east Brazil and most of central and northern Mexico due to synergistic effects of both land-use and climate changes (medium confidence) [ 13.4.1 ]. By the 2050 s, 50% of agricultural lands are very likely to be subjected to desertification and salinisation in some areas (high confidence) [ 13.4.2 ]. Seven out of the 25 most critical places with high endemic species concentrations are in Latin America and these areas are undergoing habitat loss. Biological reserves and ecological corridors have been either implemented or planned for the maintenance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems, and these can serve as adaptation measures to help protect ecosystems in the face of climate change. [ 13.2.5.1 ]

By the 2020 s, the net increase in the number of people experiencing water stress due to climate change is likely to be between 7 and 77 million (medium confidence).

While, for the second half of the century, the potential water availability reduction and the increasing demand from an increasing regional population would increase these figures to between 60 and 150 million. [ 13.4.3 ]

Generalised reductions in rice yields by the 2020 s, as well as increases in soybean yields, are possible when CO₂ effects are considered (medium confidence).

For other crops (wheat, maize), the projected response to climate change is more erratic, depending on the chosen scenario. If CO₂ effects are not considered, the number of additional people at risk of hunger under the A2 scenario is likely to reach 5, 26 and 85 million in 2020, 2050 and 2080, respectively (medium confidence). On the other hand, cattle and dairy productivity is expected to decline in response to increasing temperatures. [ 13.4.2 ]

The expected increases in sea-level rise (SLR), weather and climatic variability and extremes are very likely to affect coastal areas (high confidence).

During the last 10-20 years the rate of SLR has increased from 1 to 2-3 mm/yr in south-eastern South America [ 13.2.4.1 ]. In the future, adverse impacts would be observed on: (i) low-lying areas (e.g., in El Salvador, Guyana and the coast of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina), (ii) buildings and tourism (e.g., in Mexico and Uruguay); (iii) coastal morphology (e.g., in Peru); (iv) mangroves (e.g., in Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela); (v) availability of drinking water on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Ecuador and the Rio de la Plata estuary. In particular, sea-level rise is very likely to affect both Mesoamerican coral reefs (e.g., in Mexico, Belize and Panama) and the location of fish stocks in the south-east Pacific (e.g., in Peru and Chile). [ 13.4.4 ]

Future sustainable development plans should include adaptation strategies to enhance the integration of climate change into development policies (high confidence).

Some countries have made efforts to adapt, particularly through conservation of key ecosystems, early warning systems, risk management in agriculture, strategies for flood, drought and coastal management, and disease surveillance systems. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is outweighed by: a lack of basic information, observation and monitoring systems; lack of capacity-building and appropriate political, institutional and technological frameworks; low income; and settlements in vulnerable areas; among others [ 13.2 ]. Without improvements in these areas, the Latin America countries’ sustainable development goals will be seriously compromised, adversely affecting, among other things, their ability to reach the Millennium Development Goals [ 13.5 ].

13.1 Summary of knowledge assessed in the Third Assessment Report

The principal findings in the Third Assessment Report (TAR) ( IPCC, 2001 [NPR] ) were as follows.

• In most of Latin America, there are no clear long-term tendencies in mean surface temperature. Nevertheless, for some areas in the region, there are some clear warming (Amazonia, north-western South America) and, in a few cases, cooling (Chile) trends.
• Precipitation trends suggest an increase in precipitation for some regions of the mid-latitude Americas, a decrease for some central regions in Latin America, and no clear trends for others. For instance, the positive trends seen in north-eastern Argentina, southern Brazil and north-western Mexico contrast with the negative trends observed in some parts of Central America (e.g., Nicaragua). Records suggest a positive trend for the past 200 years at higher elevations in north-western Argentina. In Amazonia, inter-decadal variability in the hydrological record (in both rainfall and streamflow) is more significant than any observed trend.
• El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of climate variability in Latin America and is the natural phenomenon with the largest socio-economic impacts.
• Glaciers in Latin America have receded dramatically in the past decades, and many of them have disappeared completely. The most affected sub-regions are the Peruvian Andes, southern Chile and Argentina up to latitude 25°S. Deglaciation may have contributed to observed negative trends in streamflows in that region.
• In Latin America many diseases are weather and climate-related through the outbreaks of vectors that develop in warm and humid environments, including malaria and dengue. Climate change could influence the frequency of outbreaks of these diseases by altering the variability associated with the main controlling phenomenon, i.e., El Niño (likely).
• Agriculture in Latin America is a very important economic activity representing about 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the region. Studies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay based on General Circulation Models (GCMs) and crop models project decreased yields for numerous crops (e.g., maize, wheat, barley, grapes) even when the direct effects of CO₂-fertilisation and implementation of moderate adaptation measures at the farm level are considered.
• Assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems indicate that neotropical seasonally dry forest should be considered severely threatened in Mesoamerica. Global warming could expand the area suitable for tropical forests in South America southwards, but current land use makes it unlikely that tropical forests will be permitted to occupy these new areas. On the other hand, large portions of the Amazonian forests could be replaced by tropical savannas due to land-use change and climate change.
• Sea-level rise will affect mangrove ecosystems, damaging the region’s fisheries. Coastal inundation and erosion resulting from sea-level rise in combination with riverine and flatland flooding would affect water quality and availability. Sea-water intrusion would exacerbate socio-economic and health problems in these areas.
• The adaptive capacity of human systems in Latin America is low, particularly to extreme climate events, and vulnerability is high. Adaptation measures have the potential to reduce climate-related losses in agriculture and forestry but less ability to do so for biological diversity.

13.2 Current sensitivity/vulnerability

13.3 Assumptions about future trends

13.4 Summary of expected key future impacts and vulnerabilities

13.5 Adaptation: practices, options and constraints

13.6 Case studies

13.7 Conclusions and implications for sustainable development

In Latin America there is ample evidence of increases in extreme climatic events and climate change. Since the TAR, unusual extreme weather events have occurred in most countries, such as continuous drought/flood episodes, the Hurricane Catarina in the South Atlantic, and the record hurricane season of 2005 in the Caribbean Basin. In addition, during the 20th century, temperature increases, rainfall increases and decreases, and changes in extreme events, were reported for several areas. Changes in extreme episodes included positive trends in warm nights, and a positive tendency for intense rainfall events and consecutive dry days. Some negative impacts of these changes were glacier retreat, increases in flood frequency, increases in morbidity and mortality, increases in forest fires, loss of biodiversity, increases in plant diseases, reduction in dairy cattle production and problems with hydropower generation. However, beneficial impacts were reported for the agricultural sector in temperate zones. According to Swiss Re estimations, if no action is taken in Latin America to slow down climate change, in the next decades climate-related disasters could cost US$300 billion per year ( CEPAL, 2002 [NPR] ; Swiss Re, 2002 [NPR] ).

On the other hand, rates of deforestation have increased since the TAR (e.g., in Brazilian Amazonia). In Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, agricultural expansion, mainly the soybean cropping boom, has exacerbated deforestation and has intensified the process of land degradation. This critical land-use change will enhance aridity and desertification in many of the already water-stressed regions in South America, affecting not only the landscape but also modifying the water cycle and the climate of the region.

As well as climatic stress and changes in land use, other stresses are compromising the sustainable development of Latin America. Demographic pressures, as a result of migration to urban areas, result in widespread unemployment, overcrowding and the spread of infectious diseases. Furthermore, over-exploitation is a threat to most local production systems, and aquifer over-exploitation and mismanagement of irrigation systems are causing salinisation of soils and water and sanitation problems.

By the end of the 21st century, the projected mean warming for Latin America ranges from 1 to 4°C or from 2 to 6°C, according to the scenario, and the frequency of weather and climate extremes is very likely to increase. By the year 2020, 100 Mha of Brazil Amazonia forest will have disappeared if deforestation rates continue as in 2002 /03, and the soybean-planted area in South America could reach 59 Mha, representing 57% of the world’s soybean production. By 2050, the population of la is likely to be 50% higher than in 2000, and migration from the countryside to the cities will continue.

Predicted changes are very likely to severely affect a number of ecosystems and sectors (see Figure 13.5 ) by:

• decreasing plant and animal species diversity, and causing changes in ecosystem composition and biome distribution,
• melting most tropical glaciers in the near future (2020-2030),
• reducing water availability and hydropower generation,
• increasing desertification and aridity,
• severely affecting people, resources and economic activities in coastal areas,
• increasing crop pests and diseases,
• changing the distribution of some human diseases and introducing new ones.

One beneficial impact of climate change is likely to be the projected increase in soybean yields in the south of South America. However, the future conversion of natural habitats to accommodate soybean expansion are very likely to severely affect some ecosystems such as the Cerrados, dry and humid Chaco, Amazon transition and rainforest, and the Atlantic, Chiquitano and Yungas forests.

If the Latin American countries continue to follow the business-as-usual scenario, the wealth of natural resources that have supported economic and socio-cultural development in the region will be further degraded, reducing the regional potential for growth. Urgent measures must be taken to help bring environmental and social considerations from the margins to the fore of decision-making and development strategies ( UNEP, 2002 [NPR] ).

Climate change would bring new environmental conditions resulting from modifications in space and time, and in the frequency and intensity, of weather and climate processes. These atmospheric processes are closely interlinked with environmental, social and economic pillars on which development should be based, and all together may influence the selection of sustainable development paths. Facing a new climate system and, in particular, the exacerbation of extreme events, will call for new ways to manage human and natural systems for achieving sustainability. Future development in regional, sub-regional and local areas must be based on reliable and sufficiently-dense basic data. Consequently, any action towards sustainable development already commits governments and stakeholders to take the lead in the development of the information necessary to facilitate the actions needed to cope with the adversities of climate events, from the transitional period until a new climate system is established, and to take advantage of the new climate system’s potential advantages.

13.8 Key uncertainties and investigation priorities

The projections mentioned in this chapter rely on the quality of the available mathematical models. As it can be seen in its different sections, there are contradictory statements. Such contradictions, also observed in other sectoral and regional chapters, make evident some of the weaknesses of models, especially when the necessary observational background is missing. In addition to the models’ shortcomings, the use of socio-economic scenarios which are not sufficiently representative of the socio-economic conditions in the region, plus the problems still being faced with downscaling techniques, puts more emphasis on the lack of information as a critical uncertainty. Additionally, the communication of risk to stakeholders and decision-makers under uncertainty has been shown to be a significant weakness that needs to be addressed in the short term.

In order to promote economic efficiency and policy efficacy for future adaptation, important multidisciplinary research efforts are required in order to reduce the information gaps. In preparing for the challenges that climate change is posing to the region in the future, the research priorities should be to resolve the constraints already identified in terms of facing current climate variability and trends, such as:

• lack of awareness,
• lack of well-distributed and reliable observation systems,
• lack of adequate monitoring systems,
• poor technical capabilities,
• lack of investment and credits for the development of infrastructure in rural areas,
• scarce integrated assessments, mainly between sectors,
• limited studies on the economic impacts of current and future climate variability and change,
• restricted studies on the impacts of climate change on societies,
• lack of clear prioritisation in the treatment of topics for the region as a whole.
• In addition, other priorities considering climate change are:
• to reduce uncertainties in future projections,
• to assess the impacts of different policy options on reducing vulnerability and/or increasing adaptive capacity.

It is also worth stating that we must change the attitude from planning to effective operation of observation and alerting systems. Currently, the typical response to a severe climatic event consists of intervening after the fact, usually with insufficient funds to restore the conditions prior to the event. A necessary change would be to migrate from a culture of response to a culture of prevention.

In addition, the possibility of abrupt climate change due to a perturbation of the thermohaline circulation opens up a new theme for concern in the Latin American region, where there have been no studies about its possible effects. Another related problem is the occurrence of possible climatic ‘surprises’ (even in a gradually changing climate) when certain thresholds are surpassed and a negative feedback mechanism is triggered, affecting different sectors and resources. Tropical forests and tropical glaciers are likely candidates for surprises.

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UCC, 2005: Análisis de la Estadística Climática y desarrollo y evaluación de escenarios climáticos e hidrológicos de las principales cuencas hidrográficas del Uruguay y de su Zona Costera. Unidad de Cambio Climático, MVOTMA-DINAMA-GEF-UNDP, Montevideo, Uruguay, 2005. http://www.cambio climatico.gub.uy/. [NPR]

UCV, 2005: Análisis de las lluvias diarias y acumuladas durante Febrero de 2005 en la región central capital. Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Mecánica de Fluidos Departamento de Ingeniería Hidrometeorológica, Universidad Central de Venezuela. [NPR]

UNCHS, 2001: The State of the World´s Cities 2001.United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, Nairobi, 125 pp. [NPR]

UNCLOS, 2005: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, of the Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI of the Convention and of the Agreement for the implementation of the provisions of the Convention relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks. Table recapitulating the status of the Convention and of the related Agreements, as at 20 April 2005. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention _overview_fish_stocks.htm. [NPR]

UNEP, 2000: GEO Latin America and the Caribbean. Environmental Outlook 2000, UNEP Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico. [NPR]

UNDP-GEF, 2003: Capacity building for stage II adaptation to climate change in Central America, Mexico and Cuba. UNPD PIMS ID # 2220, United Nations Development Programme: Global Environmental Facility. [NPR]

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UNEP, 2002: Caribbean Environmental Law Development and Application: Environmental legislative and judical developments in the English-speaking Caribbean countries in the context of compliance with Agenda 21 and the Rio Agreements, UNEP Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean. [NPR]

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UNMSM, 2004: Calor intenso y largas sequías. Especials, Perú. http://www. unmsm.edu.pe/Destacados/contenido.php?mver=11 . [NPR]

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Windevoxhel, N. and G. Sención, 2000: Mangrove forests in Nicaragua and subtropical forest in Guatemala. Sustainable Forest Management and Global Climate Change: Selected Case Studies From the Americas, M.H.I. Dore and R. Guevara, Eds., Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 281 pp. [NPR]

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Wright, K.R. and A. Valencia Zegarra, 2000: Machu Picchu: A Civil Engineering Marvel. American Society of Civil Engineers Press, Virginia, 144 pp. [NPR]

WWF, 2004: Deforestation threatens the cradle of reef diversity. World Wide Fund for Nature, 2 December 2004. http://www.wwf.org/. [NPR]

Yáñez-Arancibia, A. and J.W. Day, 2004: Environmental sub-regions in the Gulf of Mexico coastal zone: the ecosystem approach as an integrated management tool. Ocean Coast. Manage., 47, 727-757. [JoC]

Young, E., 2001: State intervention and abuse of the commons: fisheries development in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 91, 283-306.Clean

NOTE: In the Summary of Reviewer Comments,
Accepted includes only those responses that were unambiguously Accepted.
There are other categories of responses that we have not yet quantified
due to inconsistencies of usage.

Summary of Reviewer Comments - Second Order Draft

Reviewer	Total Comments	Accepted	IPCC Roles	Papers
Government of Argentina	108	30	0	0
Palutikof, JP	105	44	2	7
Encinas, Carla	94	42	0	0
Eakin, H	88	36	0	10
Wehbe, MB	83	30	0	1
Vinocur, MG	69	38	0	3
Canziani, OF	54	28	2	4
Poveda, GJ	42	16	0	7
Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre	41	25	0	0
Government of Brazil	28	17	0	0
Halloy, Stephan	22	9	0	0
Bustamante, Mercedes	21	6	0	0
Solman, S	20	7	0	2
Codignotto, JO	19	3	1	8
Government of Chile	13	7	0	0
Llanes-Reguerio, Juan	10	2	0	0
Kokot, RR	10	2	0	6
Cunha, GR	8	4	0	3
Hare, W	6	3	0	2
Government of Australia	6	3	0	0
Moutinho, P	6	2	0	4
Pabon, JD	5	5	0	4
Rodriguez, AG	4	0	0	0
Government of Finland	4	2	0	0
Villarreal, LA	4	1	0	0
Glatzel, Stephan	3	1	0	0
Oropeza, O	2	1	0	1
Curto, SI	2	2	1	0
Hansen, LJ	1	1	0	4
Government of Germany	1	1	0	0
Ceron, JP	1	0	1	3
Totals	880	368	7	69

Overview of Reviewer Comments - Second Order Draft

Reviewer Type	Total Comments	Accepted	% Accepted
Govt	160	60	37%
IPCC	521	222	42%
Indep	199	86	43%
Total	880	368	41%

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